This gallery highlights Black psychiatrists who played a role in the Black Caucus Resolution presented to the APA Board of Trustees at the 1969 annual meeting in Miami Beach, Florida. It also aims to feature the history of the Black Psychiatrists of America (BPA), the APA's Committee of Black Psychiatrists, and previous recipients of the Solomon Carter Fuller Award.
A special thank you to Jonathan Shepherd, M.D.; James Comer, M.D.; Altha Stewart, M.D.; Annelle Primm, M.D., M.P.H.; William Lawson, M.D., Ph.D.; Ezra E.H. Griffith, M.D.; Andrea M. Brownridge, M.D., J.D., M.H.A.; Rochelle J. Woods, M.D.; and members of the APA Black Caucus for their assistance on this project.
Black Psychiatrists
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Solomon Carter Fuller, M.D.
(1872-1953)
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Walter A. Adams, M.D.
(1901-1959)
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Raphael Hernandez, M.D.
(1897-1976)
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Black Power: An Identity Crisis
May 1968
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Blacks Demand APA Action on Racism
May 1969
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Black Psychiatrists of America (BPA)
Fall 1969
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Charles Prudhomme, M.D.
(1908-1988)
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APA Board of Trustees Meeting
May 1971
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J. Alfred Cannon, M.D., M.P.H.
(1929-1988)
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James P. Comer, M.D., M.P.H.
(1934- )
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Margaret Morgan Lawrence, M.D.
(1914-2019)
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Hiawatha Harris, M.D.
(1929 - )
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Alvin F. Poussaint, M.D.
(1934- )
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Charles B. Wilkinson, M.D.
(1922-1992)
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Lloyd C. Elam, M.D.
(1928-2008)
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Charles A. Pinderhughes, M.D.
(1919-1998)
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Chester M. Pierce, M.D.
(1927-2016)
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Hugh F. Butts, M.D.
(1926-2019)
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Alyce C. Gullattee, M.D.
(1928-2020)
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Billy E. Jones, M.D., M.S.
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Mildred Mitchell-Bateman, M.D.
(1922-2012)
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June Jackson Christmas, M.D.
(1924-2023)
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Bruce Ballard, M.D.
(1939 - )
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Clotilde D. Bowen, M.D.
(1923-2011)
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Andrea K. Delgado, M.D.
(1946-1984)
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F.M. Baker, M.D., M.P.H.
(1945-2019)
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Black Psychiatrist Committee Members
May 1977
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Jeanne M. Spurlock, M.D.
(1921-1999)
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Walter J. Tardy, Jr., M.D., M.P.H.
(1941-1988)
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Irma J. Bland, M.D.
(1948-2003)
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Ezra E.H. Griffith, M.D.
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Phyllis Harrison-Ross, M.D.
(1937-2017)
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William B. Lawson, M.D., Ph.D.
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Robert T.M. Phillips, M.D., Ph.D.
(1952-2014)
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Donna M. Norris, M.D.
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Carl C. Bell, M.D.
(1948-2019)
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Annelle B. Primm, M.D., M.P.H.
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Altha J. Stewart, M.D.
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Constance E. Dunlap, M.D.
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Solomon Carter Fuller Award Recipients
In 1969, the Solomon Carter Fuller Award was established and named for Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller, recognized as the first black psychiatrist in America—honors a Black citizen who has pioneered in an area that has significantly improved the quality of life for black people.
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Rahn K. Bailey, M.D.
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Danielle Hairston, M.D.
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Dionne R. Powell, M.D.
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Altha J. Stewart, M.D.
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Stephen McLeod-Bryant, M.D.
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Loma K. Flowers, M.D.
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Patricia A. Newton, M.D., M.P.H., M.A.
(1945-2020)
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Damon S. Tweedy, M.D.
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Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Ph.D
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Dorothy E. Roberts, J.D.
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William B. Lawson, M.D., Ph.D.
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John O. Gaston, M.D.
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James S. Jackson, M.D.
(1944–2020)
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Carl C. Bell, M.D.
(1948-2019)
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Donna M. Norris, M.D.
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Bankole A. Johnson, M.D.
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Mildred Mitchell-Bateman, M.D.
(1922-2012)
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David C. Henderson, M.D.
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Milton C. Hollar, M.D.
(1930-2021)
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Nancy Boyd-Franklin, Ph.D
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Phyllis Harrison-Ross, M.D.
(1937-2017)
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James H. Carter, M.D., M.Div. (1934-2007)
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Honorable Louis Stokes
(1925-2015)
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Ezra E.H. Griffith, M.D.
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Kweisi Mfume
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H. Westley Clark, M.D., J.D., M.P.H.
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Deborah B. Prothrow-Stith, M.D.
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David Satcher M.D., Ph.D.
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Alvin F. Poussaint, M.D.
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June Jackson Christmas, M.D.
(1924-2023)
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Dewitt C. Alfred, Jr., M.D.
(1938-2006)
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Marian Wright Edelman
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Evelyn K. Moore, M.A.
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James P. Comer, M.D., M.P.H.
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Tony Brown
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Jeanne M. Spurlock, M.D.
(1921-1999)
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Lerone Bennett, Jr.
(1928-2018)
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Chester M. Pierce, M.D.
(1927-2016)
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Reverend George H. Clements
(1932-2019)
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Luther D. Robinson, M.D.
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George I. Lythcott, M.D.
(1918-1995)
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Charles A. Pinderhughes, M.D.
(1919-1998)
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Ambassador Andrew Young
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Honorable Constance Baker Motley
(1921-2005)
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Eleanor Holmes Norton LL.B., M.A.
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Jacquelyne J. Jackson Ph.D.
(1903-2004)
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Allison Davis, Ph.D.
(1902-1983)
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John Hope Franklin, Ph.D.
(2015-2019)
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Honorable Mervyn M. Dymally
(1926-2012)
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Honorable Coleman Young
(1918-1997)
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Kenneth B. Clark, Ph.D.
(1914-2005)